Roughly speaking, if you want to learn more directly, LED is a solid semiconductor chip that can convert electrical energy into light energy. One end of the wafer is a P-type semiconductor and the other end is an N-type semiconductor. When the current passes through the wafer, the electrons of the N-type semiconductor will be pushed to the P-type semiconductor. When the N-type semiconductor electrons and the P-type semiconductor electrons meet, It emits energy in the form of photons, which is the principle of LED light emission. The wavelength of light is also the color of light, which is determined by the material forming the P-N junction.

The core of the LED light source is the crystal/chip that the LED emits. The chip undergoes the manufacturing process of wafer epitaxy, evaporation, etching, grinding, etc., resulting in the amount of PN electrons in the chip, scratches on the PN electrode, etc., which will cause the size of the conversion rate of the wafer to light, and there will be a difference in brightness. Some have a higher conversion rate and are brighter, and some have a low conversion rate, which we call the bare crystal brightness. In addition, each chip has a degree of attenuation, that is, the efficiency of converting electrical energy into light energy within a certain period of time. The more stable it is, the better. In theory, the effective life of the wafer can reach 100,000 hours. After the chip is made, there is packaging, that is, the LED chip is made into lamp beads that everyone can see in daily LED lamps. The function of the package is to protect the LED chip while transmitting the light to the maximum extent and dissipating the heat generated by the light. At present, there are lead-type positive and flip-chip technology, COB-type centralized packaging, power-type packaging, etc., and the final price of LED will be different depending on the packaging process. Secondly, the same package structure has different ultimate control over heat dissipation and stability, and its price will also be different.